What is Airdrop?

An airdrop is a distribution of free tokens to wallet addresses. Projects use airdrops to reward early users, decentralize token ownership, generate buzz, or bootstrap network effects.Types of airdrops:Retroactive: Reward past users (Uniswap's $UNI to all past traders)Snapshot: Hold specific tokens at a certain timeTask-based: Complete actions (follow, retweet, join Discord)Loyalty: Ongoing rewards for active usersAirdrop hunting: Using protocols hoping for future airdrops. Successful hunters earned $10,000+ from Uniswap, Arbitrum, and Optimism airdrops.Risks: Scam airdrops (never connect wallet to unknown sites), tax obligations on received tokens, tokens may be worthless.Airdrop types in detail: Retroactive airdrops reward users who interacted with a protocol before the token launch, as Uniswap and Ethereum Name Service famously did. Holder airdrops distribute tokens to wallets holding a specific asset at a snapshot date. Task-based airdrops require completing actions like social media follows, testnet usage, or governance participation. Each type serves a different purpose, from rewarding loyalty to driving adoption and awareness for new projects.Tax implications and marketing role: In most jurisdictions, airdropped tokens are treated as taxable income at their fair market value when received. Recipients should track the value at receipt for tax reporting. From a project perspective, airdrops are powerful marketing tools that simultaneously decentralize token ownership, bootstrap an active community, and create aligned incentives between the protocol and its users. Well-designed airdrops with Sybil resistance tend to produce the most lasting community engagement.